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Preface Ancillary Package Acknowledgements Chapter 1 - Introduction and Research Methods Understanding Sport Psychology Types of sport psychologists Specializations in sport psychology Careers in sport psychology i. Impact on Youth: The Benefits of Sport Psychology For Young Athletes A History of Sport Psychology The early years The formative years Contemporary sport psychology i. Focus on Neuroscience: What Does Failure Look Like in the Brain? Understanding Research Methods Procedures for testing research ideas Descriptive methods i. Test Yourself: Are You a Perfectionist? Experimental methods Improving the quality of research studies i. Research in Action: Why Teams Traveling East Win More Current Issues in Sport Psychology Upholding ethical standards Increasing attention on diversity Expanding the focus on research Chapter 2 - Personality General Theories of Personality Psychodynamic theory Humanistic theory Trait theory Social learning theory i. Research in Action: Why Do Younger Brothers Steal More Bases? Interactional theory Sport-Specific Individual Difference Measures Profile of mood states i. Test Yourself: Are You Emotionally Intelligent? Emotional intelligence Athletic coping skills inventory Understanding the Personality-Athletic Participation Link Level of achievement Type of sport Position i. Focus on Neuroscience: Can Our Genes Lead to Skydiving? What is the mechanism? Using Individual Difference Measures in Sport Settings Distinguish correlation from causation i. Impact on Youth: Does Playing Sports Change Your Personality? Yes! Recognize the limits of self-report Understand test error Remember ethical guidelines Chapter 3 - Attribution and Cognition Understanding Attribution Theories of attribution i. Test Yourself: What Types of Attributions Do You Make? Consequences of attributions Factors Influencing Attributions Individual difference variables Demographic variables i. Research in Action: Are Female Athletes Really Just Lucky? Culture Errors in Attributions and Cognition Attributional errors i. Focus on Neuroscience: Why A Rival Team's Failure Feels Good in the Brain Action bias The Hot Hand effect Benefits of Changing Attributions Understand the impact of thoughts Emphasize the power of effort Increase self-efficacy Improve expectations, emotions and persistence i. Impact on Youth: Why Attributions Really Matter Chapter 4 - Motivation Understanding Motivation Achievement motivation Types of motivation i. Focus on Neuroscience: The Impact of Testosterone on Motivation i. Research in Action: Why Owners Should Be Wary of Big Contracts Influence of the group on motivation Theories of Achievement Motivation Need achievement theory (Atkinson-McClelland) Self-efficacy theory (Bandura) Competence motivation theory (Harter) Sport-confidence model (Vealey) Achievement goal theory i. Test Yourself: What Motivates Members of Your Team? Strategies for Increasing Intrinsic Motivation Create motivating environments Emphasize effort, not outcome Recognize individual differences i. Impact on Youth: Why Teammates, Coaches, and Parents Should Emphasize Skills, Not Wins Use appropriate reinforcement Give positive and personal feedback Chapter 5 - Goal Setting Understanding Goal Setting Types of goals The impact of goal type Understanding the Goal Setting-Performance Link Directing attention Increasing effort Prolonging persistence i. Focus on Neuroscience: Evidence for Effort in the Brain Developing new strategies i. Research in Action: The Power of Internal Motivation Additional explanations Principles of Effective Goal Setting Set appropriate goals Develop goal achievement strategies i. Test Yourself: Goal Commitment Scale i. Impact on Youth: Why Coach-Set Goals Do Work For Some Athletes Chapter 6 - Arousal and Anxiety Understanding Arousal and Anxiety Physiology of Arousal Psychology of Arousal i. Test Yourself: How Do You Think About Stress? Measuring Arousal and Anxiety Self-Report Measures Behavioral Measures Physiological Measures i. Focus on Neuroscience: How Brain Activation Can Differentiate Professional Versus Amateur Athletes Understanding the Arousal/Anxiety-Performance Link Drive Theory Social Facilitation Theory Inverted-U Hypothesis i. Research in Action: Why--and When--Do Home Teams Choke? Extensions of Inverted-U Theory Individual Zone of Optimal Functioning Theory Flow i. Impact on Youth: The Confidence-Flow Link Chapter 7 - Psychological Skills Training Understanding Psychological Skills Training Coping strategies Phases of psychological skills training Misunderstandings about psychological skills training Regulating Arousal Behavioral strategies Cognitive strategies i. Test Yourself: How Mindful Are You? Cognitive-behavioral strategies Arousal energizing strategies Attention and Concentration Understanding attention Common attentional problems i. Focus on Neuroscience: Can Squeezing a Ball Lead to Better Performance? Strategies for improving attention and concentration i. Research in Action: The Power of Superstition Imagery Understanding imagery i. Impact on Youth: Why Earlier Is Better for Imagery Training Theories explaining the power of imagery Explaining the imagery-performance link Chapter 8 - Aggression Understanding Aggression Types of aggression Measuring aggression i. Focus on Neuroscience: Does Winning Impact Fans' Testosterone? i. Test Yourself: The Competitive Aggressiveness and Anger Scale The aggression-performance link Theories of Aggression Instinct theory Social learning theory i. Impact on Youth: The Powerful Impact of Modeling Aggression Frustration-aggression theory Moral reasoning theory General aggression model (GAM) Factors Influencing Aggression in Athletic Performance Personality Team factors Uniform color i. Research in Action: Are Referees Biased Against Teams Wearing Red? Game factors Strategies for Reducing Violence in Sports Punish aggression Model prosocial behavior Emphasize character and sportsmanship Limit alcohol use Chapter 9 - Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination Understanding Common Athlete Stereotypes Gender Race/ethnicity Sexual orientation Factors Contributing to Stereotyping and Prejudice Social learning theory Social identity theory i. Impact on Youth: The Impact of Gender Differences in Sport Photos Cognitive biases i. Research in Action: Does Race Impact Referees' Calls? Consequences of Athlete Stereotypes Negative self-evaluations Self-fulfilling prophecy Stereotype threat i. Test Yourself: How Strongly Do You Perceive the Dumb Jock Stereotype? Strategies for Reducing Prejudice and Discrimination in Sport Settings Presence of role models i. Focus on Neuroscience: Do Athletes Have Bigger Brains? Equal status contact Pursuit of common goals Sanction by authority Chapter 10 - Team Cohesion Understanding Team Cohesion Types of cohesion The development of cohesion Measuring cohesion i. Test Yourself: How Cohesive is Your Team? Factors Influencing Team Cohesion Environmental factors Personal factors Team factors i. Focus on Neuroscience: The Power of Group Identification Leadership factors Explaining the Cohesion-Performance Link Mechanisms explaining the cohesion-performance link i. Research in Action: Does Touching Lead to Winning? Factors moderating cohesion-performance link Direction of causality The downside of (social) cohesion Strategies for Building Team Cohesion For coaches and team leaders For team members i. Impact on Youth: The Real Value of Positive Coaching Chapter 11 - Leadership General Theories of Leadership Trait (or Great Man ) theory Behavior theories Interactional approach Sport-Specific Models of Leadership Multidimensional model of leadership i. Test Yourself: Leadership Scale for Sports Leadership behavior model i. Impact on Youth: Why Good Coaching Really Helps Young Athletes Model of coaching efficacy Communication Types of communication Common communication problems i. Research in Action: Why Anger Management Matters Improving communication i. Focus on Neuroscience: Good Coaching Looks Different in the Brain Chapter 12 - Common Issues: Injury and Burnout Understanding Injuries i. Focus on Neuroscience: The Lasting Impact of Head Injuries Physical factors associated with athletic injuries Psychosocial factors associated with athletic injuries i. Research in Action: The Media's Role in Characterizing Athletic Injuries Reactions to Athletic Injury Stage models Injury response model Loss of identity Positive emotions Psychological Strategies for Recovering from Injury Provide information and education Maintain good social support Learn coping skills Understanding Burnout Symptoms of burnout Factors contributing to burnout i. Test Yourself: Athlete Burnout Questionnaire i. Impact on Youth: The Hazards of Perfectionism Models of Burnout Negative-training stress response model Investment model of burnout Empowerment/Unidimensional identity development model Cognitive-affective stress model of burnout Burnout in Sports Professionals Coaches Officials Athletic trainers Treating and Preventing Burnout Create a good social support system Maintain a positive mind-set Emphasize internal motivation Develop stress management skills Emphasize an athlete-centered model Chapter 13 - Unhealthy Behaviors: Drug Abuse and Disordered Eating Understanding Drug Abuse Types of performance-enhancing drugs and procedures Prevalence of performance-enhancing drug use Prevalence of recreational drug use among athletes Consequences of drug abuse i. Focus on Neuroscience: The Impact of Steroids on Aggression Factors Predicting Drug Abuse Physical motivation Psychological motivation Social motivation Decreasing Substance Abuse Prevention Detection i. Research in Action: Are Steroid Users Cheaters? Yes! Understanding Eating Disorders Types of disordered eating i. Test Yourself: Eating Attitudes Test Prevalence of disordered eating in sports Consequences of eating disorders Predisposing Factors Personality Type of sport i. Impact on Youth: Weight Concerns Appear Even for Young Girls Involved in Aesthetic Sports Coach and peer pressure Sociocultural factors Reducing Eating Disorders in Athletes Emphasize healthy eating and exercise habits Emphasize fitness and performance, not weight Identify and intervene early Change rules and regulations Glossary Credits Index

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